(2012).
(2010). Rev.
3 and 4), suggesting that they have an important role in UFA biosynthesis. 4). doi: 10.1177/1073858410397054, Faggioli, F., Wang, T., Vijg, J., and Montagna, C. (2012). & Wang, L.S. The seed oil of 138 accessions of 14 Acer truncatum (Aceraceae family) populations native to China were analyzed by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway-related database was used to perform the DEG pathway enrichment analysis (Kanehisa et al., 2008). The relative gene expression levels were normalized to the internal control Actin (Wang et al., 2018) using the 2T method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001). Sci. Nat. We found that the oil significantly alleviated the cognitive impairments of aging mice. Moreover, the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- were rescued by acer truncatum seed oil administration. To elucidate the enriched biological functions during the four comparisons, an enrichment analysis of the 280 pathways to which the DEGs were mapped was performed (Supplemental Table 3). (B) Oil treatment improved the memory capacity shown by the decreased escape latency of aging mice during the test. Cell. doi: 10.1111/acel.12496, Tan, P., Wang, Y. J., Li, S., Wang, Y., He, J. Y., Chen, Y. Y., et al. Brain Res. Indeed, inflammation had recently been proposed as one of the important symptoms of aging (Zhang et al., 2017). Supplementary Table 2 | Differentially expressed proteins between the aging mice treated with acer truncatum seed oil and aging control mice. Chromosome-specific accumulation of aneuploidy in the aging mouse brain. 41, 210215. (2020). 
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. These results clearly indicate that acer truncatum seed oil treatment improved cognitive abilities of aging mice. WebThe purpose of this study was to adapt an ELISA test for diagnosing of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (CLSV) in apple trees. BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway was also activated by acer truncatum seed oil treatment. DE hippocampal proteins in aging vs. young control mice. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.001, Partridge, L., Fuentealba, M., and Kennedy, B. K. (2020). Figure 6. Commun. (Supplementary Figure 1B). Structural Components of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation. (2016). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (2M vs. 20M); #p < 0.05 (20M vs. 20M-Oil). Five dominant components were observed in developing seeds, including palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and -linolenic acid (C18:3). The average ratio of clean reads to raw reads was 97.27%. Using a multi-pronged approach, we conclusively found that a dryland grass supports endophyte communities comprised predominantly of latent saprophytes that can enhance localized nutrient recycling after FAD2 and FAD3 exhibited higher expressions than the other FAD genes (Figs. Nature 571, 183192. Acids. This is consistent with fact that the UFA proportions rapidly increased from 85 to 115 DAF. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021758, Barzilai, N., Crandall, J. P., Kritchevsky, S. B., and Espeland, M. A. Acer truncatum Bunge is a multifunctional plant in northern China. 2006 Experimental guidance for plant physiology.
Exp. Histogram of clusters of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for the differentially expressed genes in different Acer truncatum seed developmental stages. Small-molecule modulation of neurotrophin receptors: a strategy for the treatment of neurological disease. Proteomic profiles of the hippocampus in acer truncatum seed oil treated aging mice. & Schmittgen, T.D. However, the expressions of the two homologous LEC1 genes differed greatly. These results demonstrate that acer truncatum seed oil increased the expression of several synapse-related proteins in the aging mice. Therefore, the results showed that 85 DAF was the key time point for FA synthesis. The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. At 85 DAF, only C18:1 and C18:2 were detected, and the proportions were 0.46% and 0.63%, respectively. Regional responses in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. The effects of enzyme type on the extraction yield of oil were studied, and the results showed that the oil yield obtained with pentosanase was higher than that obtained with the other enzymes. It can adjust the immune system andincrease NK cell activity, improve the dual role of cellular immunity and humoral immunity and enhance 
This indicated that TAG assembly and accumulation through the glycolysis pathway occurred in seeds at 180 DAF. IL-13 forward primer 5- CCTGGCTCTTGCTTGCCTT-3 and reverse primer 5- GGTCTTGTGTGATGTTGCTCA-3. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, **p < 0.01 (2M vs. 20M); #p < 0.05 (20M vs. 20M-Oil). Behav. (2013). (2017). & Sun, R.C. (301) 384-6300 WebAcer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) is rich in -9 (53.93%) and -6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 37% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1-9). Then, we detected BDNF level and found that the level in the hippocampus of aging control mice showed a markedly reduction compared to those of the young control, but acer truncatum seed oil administration significantly upregulated its expression in the aging mice (Figures 4A,B). WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. (C) The number of times that aging mice crossed the platform was significantly decreased than that of young mice. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.93, Campisi, J., Kapahi, P., Lithgow, G. J., Melov, S., Newman, J. C., and Verdin, E. (2019). Perspect. Crops Prod. Age-related somatic structural changes in the nuclear genome of human blood cells. Ther. 2001 Oil bodies and their associated proteins, oleosin and caleosin Physiol. Plant Part Used: Seed. In this study, a total of 1049 TFs were identified during the seed oil accumulation stages using iTAK software (Zheng et al., 2016). 
Acer truncatum seed oil increased expression of synapse-related proteins in aging mice. In addition, the DEGs identified in the present study mapped to 16 of the 17 pathways for lipid metabolism (Supplemental Table 4). Interestingly, FAD4 was not found in A. truncatum, unlike in the other selected species (Fig. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011, Bitto, A., Ito, T. K., Pineda, V. V., LeTexier, N. J., Huang, H. Z., Sutlief, E., et al. To further determine the expression differences of the TFs, these five TFs were selected for qRT-PCR analysis during the five seed development stages (Fig. 274 212 222 doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.027, Zhang, Z., Luo, Y., Wang, X. Toggle facets Limit your search Text Availability. Supplementary Figure 3 | Volcano plot for the identified proteins of the oil-treated aging mice and biological process for forty-four proteins reversed by seed oil treatment in the aging mice. 
Sci. Putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes identified in Acer truncatum seeds. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Res. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. In this study, nine GPAT genes were identified, but most of them were barely expressed; only two were relatively highly expressed during seed development. Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. This gives the plants plenty of time to grow large and healthy enough to survive their eventual transplanting to the Q.L. Prod. However, the seed oil treatment remarkably reduced the escape latency of aging mice (Figure 1B). Some acyl-CoA enter the phosphatidylcholine pool, whereas other acyl-CoA are combined with glycerol-3-phosphate to form TAG. Specific primers were designed with Primer5 (Supplemental Table 1). (2013) reported that overexpression of PDAT stimulated FA and TAG synthesis, and that coexpression of PDAT with oleosin increased the dry weight of triacylglycerol by up to 6.4%. The hallmarks of aging. The main ingredients of acer truncatum seed oil were listed in Table 1, which included eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, -linolenic acid and vitamin E, which all reported to benefit for the cognition. Neuroreport 30, 550555. Aging 4, 166175. Med. The DEGs was performed with the Deseq2 package (Wang et al., 2010) using a model based on the negative binomial distribution [P < 0.05 (P was adjusted using Benjamini and Hochbergs approach)] with the 85 DAF sample serving as the control. In summary, our results provide some valuable clues to help understand the molecular mechanisms of FA and lipid biosynthesis. All raw mass spectra were searched with the Uniprot-Mus musculus database (released in November, 2019) by Proteome Discoverer 2.1 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States). & Luo, X.G. 25.0 kilograms(Min. B. S., and Sharma, B. (2016). Acer truncatum Bunge is now widely cultivated throughout the world. J. Mol. doi: 10.18632/aging.100444, Snowden, S. G., Ebshiana, A. 
A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils. Lipoic acid restores age-associated impairment of brain energy metabolism through the modulation of Akt/JNK signaling and PGC1alpha transcriptional pathway. Furthermore, they are primarily responsible for the (18:3) content of seeds (Hernndez et al., 2016). (AF) The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 were increased in hippocampus of 20-month-old (20M-Ctrl) mice compared with the 2-month-old (2M-Ctrl) mice detected by RT-qPCR, while oil treatment (20M-Oil) reversed expression.
Antioxid Redox. Some studies have reported that C18:1-ACP is catalyzed by SAD from C18:0-ACP (Liao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019). Accumulated data strongly suggest that the upregulation of chronic inflammation induced by an age-related redox imbalance, will activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) (Cho et al., 2003; Chung et al., 2009). doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01083-6, Cho, C. G., Kim, H. J., Chung, S. W., Jung, K. J., Shim, K. H., Yu, B. P., et al. 2017 Response surface methodology optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Acer truncatum leaves for maximal phenolic yield and antioxidant activity Molecules 22 232 doi: 10.3390/molecules22020232, Yin, D.D., Zhong, X.W., Shu, Q.Y., Li, S.S., Wu, Q., Feng, C.Y., Gu, Z.Y. J. Mol. Exp. Res. Lipid Res. In addition, genes encoding key enzymes and TFs involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of FAs and TAG were successfully identified. Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging. Based on the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analyses, FAD2/6 were highly expressed and FAD3/7/8 showed low expression. Supplementary Table 1 | Differentially expressed proteins between the aging control mice and young control mice.
Rev. doi: 10.1007/s10522-008-9154-6, Joubert, C., and Chainay, H. (2018). Moreover, MCODE analysis revealed that the significant module identified from the PPI network including metabolism, cell migration, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mitophagy and complement activation, etc. The water surface was about 1.2 cm higher than the escape platform. The camera was connected to a digital-tracking device attached to an IBM computer. B., Subramanyam, M. V., and Asha Devi, S. (2006). Aging Cell 12, 10211031. Phytomedicine 84:153509. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153509, Guo, W., Pang, K., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Li, H., Xu, Y., et al. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method with MEGA 5.2 (Tamura et al., 2011). Previous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of C18:2 is correlated with the expression of FAD2/FAD6, whereas FAD3/FAD7/FAD8 expression contributes to the synthesis of C18:3 (Wang et al., 2019; Yin et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). In A. truncatum, the highest content of C18:3 was only 0.92% at 145 DAF. The mice hippocampal tissues were homogenized, sonicated, and then centrifuged at 12,000 g for 30 min at 4C. Functional and Structural Benefits Induced by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Aging. Cell 153, 11941217. Increased hippocampal BDNF immunoreactivity in subjects treated with antidepressant medication. (C) Detected PPI modules in cluster 3. In conclusion, we discovered that acer truncatum seed oil improved cognitive deficits of aging mice by multiple pathways containing inflammation, synapse, BDNF/TrkB signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. 79, 205221. All data were expressed as mean SEM, n = 3 mice for each group. As a food supplement, the acer truncatum seed oil may play a positive role in anti-aging. doi: 10.7554/eLife.16351, Bonkowski, M. S., and Sinclair, D. A. This may be the reason for its high expression during early seed development. The labeled peptides were desalted, dried, and finally dissolved in 100 L 0.1% FA. Specifically, 754 DEGs were associated with FA metabolism, 34 were associated with arachidonic acid metabolism, 34 were associated with UFA biosynthesis, 42 were associated with cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis, 44 were associated with FA biosynthesis, 42 were associated with FA degradation, 45 were associated with FA elongation, and 20 were associated with linoleic acid metabolism. GC (Gas Chromatography) analysis revealed that the oil contained approximately 6.22% nervonic acid. Food Chem. We here treated normal aging mice with acer truncatum seed oil, and found that the seed oil significantly improved the learning and memory ability. For the sake of minimizing animal consumption and the importance of NA for human health, extraction of NA from plants has become a research hotspot. Nutr. Studying the key stages of seed development and the molecular mechanism of oil synthesis is a critical step in improving the quantity and quality of A. truncatum seed oil. SAT exhibited significant in vitro radical scavenging activity. Order) factory supply food grade base oil pure Camellia oil in bulk. 1, the levels of various FAs peaked in the 115 DAF samples). 20 3091 doi: 10.3390/ijms20123091, Liu, X.Y., Fu, H. & Chen, Y.H. & Tzen, J.T.C. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in Acer truncatum seeds at various development stages: (A) quantity of DEGs and (B) cluster analysis of DEGs. doi: 10.1007/s11010-016-2796-9, Tu, T. H., Kim, H., Yang, S., Kim, J. K., and Kim, J. G. (2019). (2019). Rev.
A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Nat. JL performed the proteomics analysis.