Dolphins and porpoises are common, and southern sea lions and elephant seals are also numerous. [49], Simmering tensions between the UK and Argentina increased during the second half of the century, when Argentine President Juan Pern asserted sovereignty over the archipelago. In response to renewed calls from Argentina for Britain to relinquish control of the islands, a referendum was held in March 2013, which resulted in 99.8% of the population voting to remain a part of the UK. There were continual tensions with the colonial administration over Lafone's failure to establish any permanent settlers, and over the price of beef supplied to the settlement. Surrounded by the South Atlantic and separated from Great Britain by some 13,000km, the Falkland Islands are a series of rugged, windswept islands located between Patagonia and South Georgia. [8] Desire Petroleum and Rockhopper Exploration began drilling for oil in the vicinity of the Falklands in the first half of 2010, sparking strong protest from the Argentine government. Fishing is the largest part of the economy. [58] In response, Falkland Oil & Gas has signed an agreement with BHP Billiton to investigate the potential exploitation of oil reserves. Following the collapse of the Illex industry in 2008/9, the rock cod has become, by weight, the most heavily harvested species in the area. )note: data represent population by national identity, English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est. Although there is still a resentment in the Islands to the Argentine occupation, the Falkland Islands Government continues "to respect the need for Argentine veterans of the 1982 conflict and their next of kin to visit the battlefield sites and the cemetery at Darwin". Since 2003 the relative premium commanded by higher quality wool has increased with coarser wool missing out on the high prices in 2008. 5142S 5751W / 51.700S 57.850W / -51.700; -57.850 (Stanley). Before leaving for the Falklands Vernet stamped his grant at the British Consulate, repeating this when Buenos Aires extended his grant in 1828. When the Falkland Islands first opened up her waters, the Polish fishing fleet had a presence as did the Japanese, but the Poles stopped fishing in the area in the mid-1990s and the Japanese in the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Four-fifths of the population lives in Stanley. [M] A 2012 report counted 1,300 uniformed personnel and 50 British Ministry of Defence civil servants present in the Falklands. 79.6, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 78.2% of populationtotal: 95.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 21.8% of populationtotal: 4.7% of population (2020), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020), overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer - introduced to the islands in 2001 from South Georgia - are part of a farming effort to produce specialty meat and diversify the islands' economy; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the 1986 Chornobyl disaster; grazing threatens important habitats including tussac grass and its ecosystem with penguins and sea lions; soil erosion from fires, conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)etymology: the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel itself was named after the Viscount of FALKLAND, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French "Iles Malouines," the name applied to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1764, parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina, name: Stanleygeographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands, none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008), chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Alison BLAKE (since 23 July 2022)head of government: Chief Executive Andy KEELING (since April 2021)cabinet: Executive Council elected by the Legislative Councilelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief executive appointed by the governor, description: unicameral Legislative Assembly, formerly the Legislative Council (10 seats; 5 members directly elected in the Stanley constituency and 3 members in the Camp constituency by simple majority vote, 2 appointed non-voting ex-officio members - the chief executive, appointed by the governor, and the financial secretary; members serve 4-year terms); note - several previous referendums - the latest in September 2020 - on whether to merge the Stanley and Camp constituencies into a single islands wide constituency, failedelections: last held on 4 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025)election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 8; composition of elected members -men 6, women 2, percent of women 25%, highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)judge selection and term of office: chief justice, court of appeal president, and justices appointed by the governor; tenure specified in each justice's instrument of appointmentsubordinate courts: Magistrate's Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction, embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT, name: "Song of the Falklands"lyrics/music: Christopher LANHAMnote: adopted 1930s; the song is the local unofficial anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom), British South American territorial economy; longstanding fishing industry; surging tourism prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries threaten ecotourism industries; no central bank and must have British approval on currency shifts, $206.4 million (2015 est. [52], In the first half of the 20th century the Falklands served an important role in Britain's territorial claims to subantarctic islands and a section of Antarctica. Strong named the strait in honour of Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland, the Treasurer of the Navy who sponsored his journey. [154] The Falklands' predominant and official language is English, with the foremost dialect being British English; nonetheless, some inhabitants also speak Spanish. [82] The Bureau also handles philately-related sales on behalf of the governments of Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and of the British Antarctic Territory.
The main fishing areas are in waters that are up to 200 metres (660ft) deep with principal concentrations close to the confluence of the FOCZ, FICZ and EEZ to the north west of the Islands and also on the Burwood Bank a shallow water to the south of the Islands. [44] Since 2005 the SAFC has been largely moribund as the Argentine Government reduced co-operation, declining to continue the routine joint meeting process and suspending joint scientific activities. [10] As of 2007[update], 670,000 sheep resided on the islands;[16] a 2011 report estimated the sheep population at over one million. This zone was later to become the Falklands Inner Conservation Zone (FICZ). [61], In February 2010, exploratory drilling for oil was begun by Desire Petroleum,[62] but the results from the first test well were disappointing. Where livestock grazing has been controlled, coastal tussock grass (Parodiochloa flabellata) still covers offshore islands. The capital and largest settlement is Stanley on East Falkland. 1 Pound is divided into 100 Pence. [19] In 1942, a battalion en route to India was redeployed to the Falklands as a garrison amid fears of a Japanese seizure of the archipelago. [72], The production site will require approximately 110 people working offshore and another 40 working onshore. The 2009 constitution provides the islands government with a greater degree of autonomy than the previous (1985) constitution, but the governor must consult with the regional commander of the British military on issues concerning defense and internal security. [67][K] The road network was also made more extensive, and the construction of RAF Mount Pleasant allowed access to long haul flights. The coastal topography features many drowned river valleys that form protected harbours. [25] The Falkland Islands Development Corporation which formed as a result of the Shackleton Report provided the impetus for the Falkland Islands to exploit their marine environment. )$125 million (2004 est.
WebThe Policy & Economic Development Unit is responsible for: Co-ordinating the Government's economic policies and monitoring the effectiveness of public spending in achieving the Government's economic goals; Improving the Government's capacity to address strategic, cross-cutting issues; [118], The islands are frequented by marine mammals, such as the southern elephant seal and the South American fur seal, and various types of cetaceans; offshore islands house the rare striated caracara. The CCAMLR provides a forum for exchanging information regarding marine life in the Antarctic region and has the authority to ban the harvesting of certain type of fish and also to ban or put restrictions on the use of certain methods of harvesting. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). [65] On 17 September 2010, Rockhopper Exploration published the results of the borehole analysis the well was drilled in water 451m deep and a flow test showed that a payable oil column of 53m was capable of producing over 2,000 barrels per day (320m3/d). Consistently high west winds average 19 miles (31 km) per hour, while the mean annual average temperature is about 42 F (5 C), with an average maximum of 49 F (9 C) and an average minimum of 37 F (3 C). )consumption: 19.133 million kWh (2019 est. [152], Education in the Falkland Islands, which follows England's system, is free and compulsory for residents aged between 5 and 16 years. War was narrowly avoided by its restitution to Britain in 1771. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
The economy of the Falkland Islands, which first involved sealing, whaling and provisioning ships, became heavily dependent on sheep farming from the 1870s to 1980. [71], The Falkland Islands are a self-governing British Overseas Territory. [91][92][93] The incident of 1833 is particularly contentious; Argentina considers it proof of "Britain's usurpation" whereas the UK discounts it as a mere reassertion of its claim. [134] A little over a quarter of the workforce serves the Falkland Islands government, making it the archipelago's largest employer.
Status: 03/23/2023 1 US dollar = 0.81 Pounds 1 Pound = 1.23 US dollar The climate on the Falkland Islands In the 1970s many fin fish, particularly the rock cod, a high volume low value fish[36] were exploited to near-extinction. At various times the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Omissions? [111], The Falkland Islands are biogeographically part of the Antarctic zone,[112] with strong connections to the flora and fauna of Patagonia in mainland South America.
The report was approved by ExCo earlier today and provides an overview of the economy up until the end of 2020. It lies about 300 miles (480 km) northeast of the southern tip of South America and a similar distance east of the Strait of Magellan. [132] Port Stanley Airport provides internal flights. airoh commander visor removal. WebThe economy of the Falkland Islands, which first involved sealing, whaling and provisioning ships, became heavily dependent on sheep farming from the 1870s to 1980. to the south and east of the Falkland Islands at depths between 750 and 830 metres (2,460 and 2,720ft) depths in the eastern part of FICZ. [111] Rainfall is common over half of the year, averaging 610mm (24in) in Stanley, and sporadic light snowfall occurs nearly all year. A long-running dispute between Argentina and the UK Shutterstock ), Electricity consumption: Both the chief executive and the director of finance are appointed by the governor. It lies about 300 miles (480 km) northeast of the southern tip of South America and a similar distance east of the Strait of Magellan. [64] Due to the large number of deminer casualties, initial attempts to clear the mines ceased in 1983. )from petroleum and other liquids: 46,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [16], Although Fuegians from Patagonia may have visited the Falkland Islands in prehistoric times,[17][18] the islands were uninhabited when Europeans first explored them. Falklands' GDP in 2018 reached 254.7 million with a real growth rate of 3,9% MercoPress Falklands' GDP in 2018 reached 254.7 million with a real growth rate of 3,9% Saturday, February 6th 2021 - 07:15 UTC Full article In 2018 fishing remained as the largest economic activity in the Falkland Islands, accounting for 64% of nominal GDP WebLatest Trends Historical Data Economic Complexity Overview In 2020 Falkland Islands was the number 169 economy in the world in terms of total exports and the number 208 in total imports. The Falkland Islands real GDP increased by 14.6% between 2007 and 2018, equivalent to a compound annual growth rate of 1.2%, according to the report. According to Argentine legal analyst Roberto Laver, the United Kingdom disregards Jewett's actions because the government he represented "was not recognized either by Britain or any other foreign power at the time" and "no act of occupation followed the ceremony of claiming possession". [48] Early in its history Stanley had a negative reputation due to cargo-shipping losses; only in emergencies would ships rounding Cape Horn stop at the port. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. )industry: 20.6% (2015 est. [103] The islands are predominantly mountainous and hilly,[104] with the major exception being the depressed plains of Lafonia (a peninsula forming the southern part of East Falkland). [148] According to the 2012 census, the average daily population of the Falklands was 2,932, excluding military personnel serving in the archipelago and their dependents. Falkland Islands War, also called Falklands War, Malvinas War, or South Atlantic War, a brief undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and associated island dependencies. [50] Aside from this trade, commercial interest in the archipelago was minimal due to the low-value hides of the feral cattle roaming the pastures. [30] Amid the British invasions of the Ro de la Plata during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the islands' governor evacuated the archipelago in 1806; Spain's remaining colonial garrison followed suit in 1811, except for gauchos and fishermen who remained voluntarily. [116] More than 400 species of lichens and lichen-dwelling fungi have been recorded. Sheep farming was then introduced, taking over from the cattle trade in the 1870s and becoming self-supporting by 1885. ), fossil fuels: 66.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. It has been estimated that this species needs a stock biomass of 40000tonnes to produce a sustainable harvest of 3000tonnes per annum and is now reflected as a separate entry in the tables below. With a civilian population of around 3,400, the Islands' GDP stands at about 133 million. Surrounded by the South Atlantic and separated from Great Britain by some 13,000km, the Falkland Islands are a series of rugged, windswept islands located between Patagonia and South Georgia. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, but Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. 17.67 million kWh (2016 est. [18] The wool price suffered a slump in 2005/6 and a peak in 2008. [151][146] The main Christian denominations are Anglicanism and other Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism. )0.6542 (2016 est. 1 Pound is divided into 100 Pence. These days, the island chain has a stable economy and population and is keen to assert its independence free of unwanted Argentine influence. [74] All politicians in the Falkland Islands are independent; no political parties exist on the islands. These days, the island chain has a stable economy and population and is keen to assert its independence free of unwanted Argentine influence. The islands vegetation is low and dense in a landscape with no natural tree growth. [81] The workload placed on the Falkland Islands Post Office by overseas collectors led to the establishments in 1978 of the Falkland Islands Philatelic Bureau. Today, the Falklands pays its way, bar British financial support for defence. [43], The South Atlantic Fisheries Commission (SAFC) was set up in 1990 between the Argentine and the United Kingdom (acting on behalf of the Falkland Islands) to exchange information and to coordinate fishing activities in the South Atlantic. Coins for local use were first struck in 1974 and are the same size as the corresponding British coins. [30], Thereafter the archipelago was visited only by fishing ships; its political status was undisputed until 1820, when Colonel David Jewett, an American privateer working for the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata, informed anchored ships about Buenos Aires' 1816 claim to Spain's territories in the South Atlantic. WebFalkland Islands Tourism: Tripadvisor has 5,709 reviews of Falkland Islands Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Falkland Islands resource. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [9] The contributors to the GDP by sector (2010 forecast) are:[10], In the 2009/10 financial year, the government revenue was 42.4million of which 14.5million came from fishery licences and services and 10.5million from taxes.
Ranges of hills run east-west across the northern parts of the two main islands, reaching 2,312 feet (705 metres) at Mount Usborne in East Falkland. )0.6391 (2013 est. [16] In 2010, the transport and hospitality sector was expected to contribute 7.8 million or 7.7% of the island's GDP. [83] The Falkland Islands Government (FIG) is required to deposit 110% of the face value of any coins struck on its behalf into its currency fund,[84] thereby effectively backing the Falkland pound with the pound sterling. [63] The war also left some 117 minefields containing nearly 20,000 mines of various types, including anti-vehicle and anti-personnel mines. Status: 03/23/2023 1 US dollar = 0.81 Pounds 1 Pound = 1.23 US dollar The climate on the Falkland Islands The wells will be arranged in clusters of 6 wells per drill centre.
)refined petroleum consumption: 300 bbl/day (2019 est.
Most of the fishing takes place in water up to 200 metres (660ft) deep on this spur or on the Burdwood Bank - another spur lying on an undersea ridge to the south of the Falkland Islands and separated from the islands by a deep channel known as the Falklands Trough. [16] Although Lord Shackleton's Report (1982) recommended the setting up of a 200-nautical-mile (370km; 230mi) fisheries limit which gave an impetus to the fishing industry, the report did not go into much detail regarding the expansion of the industry.
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Today, the Falklands pays its way, bar British financial support for defence. [81] The islands' judicial system, overseen by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, is largely based on English law,[82] and the constitution binds the territory to the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights.
)note: data represent population by national identity, English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est. Although there is still a resentment in the Islands to the Argentine occupation, the Falkland Islands Government continues "to respect the need for Argentine veterans of the 1982 conflict and their next of kin to visit the battlefield sites and the cemetery at Darwin". Since 2003 the relative premium commanded by higher quality wool has increased with coarser wool missing out on the high prices in 2008. 5142S 5751W / 51.700S 57.850W / -51.700; -57.850 (Stanley). Before leaving for the Falklands Vernet stamped his grant at the British Consulate, repeating this when Buenos Aires extended his grant in 1828. When the Falkland Islands first opened up her waters, the Polish fishing fleet had a presence as did the Japanese, but the Poles stopped fishing in the area in the mid-1990s and the Japanese in the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Four-fifths of the population lives in Stanley. [M] A 2012 report counted 1,300 uniformed personnel and 50 British Ministry of Defence civil servants present in the Falklands. 79.6, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 78.2% of populationtotal: 95.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 21.8% of populationtotal: 4.7% of population (2020), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020), overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer - introduced to the islands in 2001 from South Georgia - are part of a farming effort to produce specialty meat and diversify the islands' economy; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the 1986 Chornobyl disaster; grazing threatens important habitats including tussac grass and its ecosystem with penguins and sea lions; soil erosion from fires, conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)etymology: the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel itself was named after the Viscount of FALKLAND, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French "Iles Malouines," the name applied to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1764, parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina, name: Stanleygeographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands, none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008), chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Alison BLAKE (since 23 July 2022)head of government: Chief Executive Andy KEELING (since April 2021)cabinet: Executive Council elected by the Legislative Councilelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief executive appointed by the governor, description: unicameral Legislative Assembly, formerly the Legislative Council (10 seats; 5 members directly elected in the Stanley constituency and 3 members in the Camp constituency by simple majority vote, 2 appointed non-voting ex-officio members - the chief executive, appointed by the governor, and the financial secretary; members serve 4-year terms); note - several previous referendums - the latest in September 2020 - on whether to merge the Stanley and Camp constituencies into a single islands wide constituency, failedelections: last held on 4 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025)election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 8; composition of elected members -men 6, women 2, percent of women 25%, highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)judge selection and term of office: chief justice, court of appeal president, and justices appointed by the governor; tenure specified in each justice's instrument of appointmentsubordinate courts: Magistrate's Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction, embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT, name: "Song of the Falklands"lyrics/music: Christopher LANHAMnote: adopted 1930s; the song is the local unofficial anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom), British South American territorial economy; longstanding fishing industry; surging tourism prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries threaten ecotourism industries; no central bank and must have British approval on currency shifts, $206.4 million (2015 est. 
[52], In the first half of the 20th century the Falklands served an important role in Britain's territorial claims to subantarctic islands and a section of Antarctica. Strong named the strait in honour of Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland, the Treasurer of the Navy who sponsored his journey. [154] The Falklands' predominant and official language is English, with the foremost dialect being British English; nonetheless, some inhabitants also speak Spanish. [82] The Bureau also handles philately-related sales on behalf of the governments of Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and of the British Antarctic Territory. 
[65] On 17 September 2010, Rockhopper Exploration published the results of the borehole analysis the well was drilled in water 451m deep and a flow test showed that a payable oil column of 53m was capable of producing over 2,000 barrels per day (320m3/d). Consistently high west winds average 19 miles (31 km) per hour, while the mean annual average temperature is about 42 F (5 C), with an average maximum of 49 F (9 C) and an average minimum of 37 F (3 C). )consumption: 19.133 million kWh (2019 est. [152], Education in the Falkland Islands, which follows England's system, is free and compulsory for residents aged between 5 and 16 years. War was narrowly avoided by its restitution to Britain in 1771. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 
)refined petroleum consumption: 300 bbl/day (2019 est.